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right to the city
The right to the city is an idea and a slogan that was first proposed by Henri Lefebvre in his 1968 book ''Le Droit à la ville''.〔(Mark Purcell, Excavating Lefebvre: The right to the city and its urban politics of the inhabitant ), GeoJournal 58: 99–108, 2002〕〔(“Right to the City” as a response to the crisis: “Convergence” or divergence of urban social movements? ), Knut Unger, ''Reclaiming Spaces''〕 Lefebvre summarizes the ideas as a "demand...() a transformed and renewed access to urban life".〔Henri Lefebvre, ''Writings on Cities'', p. 158〕〔(Kafui Attoh, What Kind of right is the right to the city "Progress in Human Geography" )〕 David Harvey described it as follows:
It has been suggested that the phrase has taken on a variety of meanings〔(From basic needs towards socio-spatial transformation: coming to grips with the 'Right to the City' for the urban poor in South Africa ), by Tristan Gorgens, Mirjam van Donk, ''The Isandla Institute'', 2011〕 and Marcelo Lopes de Souza has argued that as the right to the city has become "fashionable these days", "()he price of this has often been the trivialisation and corruption of Lefebvre's concept"〔(Marcelo Lopes de Souza, Which Right to Which City? ), ''Interface'', Volume 2 (1): 315 – 333 (May 2010)〕 and called for fidelity to the original radical meaning of the idea.
A number of popular movements, such as the shack dwellers' movement Abahlali baseMjondolo in South Africa,〔(Abahlali baseMjondolo Campaigns and Statements on ''The Right to the City'' )〕 the Right to the City Alliance in the United States of America,〔(The Right to the City Alliance: Time to Democratize Urban Governance ), by Jackie Leavitt, Tony Roshan Samara and Marnie Brady, ''Progressive Planning, Fall 2009〕 Recht auf Stadt,〔(Congress Theses on ''The Right to the City'' )〕 a network of squatters, tenants and artists in Hamburg, and various movements in Asia and Latin America,〔Margit Mayer, 'The Right to the City in Urban Social Movements' in ''Cities for People Not for Profit: Critical Urban Theory & the Right to the City'', edited by Neil Brenner, Peter Marcuse & Margit Mayer, Routledge, New York, 2012〕 have incorporated the idea of the right to the city into their struggles.
In Brazil the 2001 City Statute wrote the Right to the City into federal law.〔("Implementing the Right to the City in Brazil" ) ''Sustainable Cities Collective'', 2011〕
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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